模拟异种钢接头蠕变力学特性的数值分析

利用有限元数值模拟了高强匹配异种的接头在弹性－蠕变条件下的应力／应变场，结果表明，接头的应力／应变分布不均匀，在焊缝界面上，应力和应变分别呈不连续和不协调分布特性，并随着拦头各区蠕变强度差别的增大，其分布梯度增大，峰值应力／应变提高，因此，蠕变强度梯度大的高强焊缝和低强母材的界面是接头的薄弱部位。     

单向非贯通节理岩体滚刀破岩 特性离散元模拟

相较于贯通节理,岩桥的存在使非贯通节理岩体受力破坏过程更加复杂。为探明其对破岩影响,通过采 用 PFC2D建立单向非贯通节理岩体滚刀破岩离散元模型,研究岩桥长度和倾角对岩体破碎模式、法向力、裂纹数 量及比能耗等参数的影响,揭示非贯通节理岩体滚刀破岩特性。研究发现：岩体以张拉破坏为主,节理对裂 纹扩展的“导向作用”明显,裂纹扩展方向总是趋向于和其距离最近的节理;竖向应力水平随节理倾角增加呈现 先增大后减小的趋势,在 45°倾角下达到最大值,应力区形状受到节理位置影响,两者具有一致性;完整岩体法 向力均值和峰值均大于节理岩体,节理对于破岩过程具有明显的促进作用;0°、60°、90°节理倾角下的比能耗值 明显低于其他节理组合,60°倾角下呈减小趋势,在岩桥长度为 25 mm 时取得最小值;0°、90°倾角下呈先减小后 增大趋势,在岩桥长度为 15 mm 时取得最小值。     

大型C型独立液货罐Y型接头疲劳强度评估

随着C型独立液货罐的新技术发展,目前在工业界推出了采用双体罐和三体罐构造形式的新颖大型C型独立液货罐。由于双体罐和三体罐构造的要求,在相邻罐体连接处设有Y型接头。该Y型接头位置处由于结构件交汇,构造复杂、应力集中,在船舶运动、蒸汽压力变化,以及温度变化的动载作用下有可能发生疲劳损伤。本文对新颖大型C型独立液货罐Y型接头疲劳强度评估方法的规范技术要求及制定开展了深入详尽的研究，包括对C型独立液货罐疲劳损伤计算工况择取，液货内部动压力计算公式推导，蒸气压力、温度变化等低周疲劳载荷模式确定等，创新提出一整套基于热点应力的C型独立液货罐Y型接头的疲劳损伤评估方法的规范实施要求。进一步地，还推导了基于一般实际情况假设下的C型独立液货罐Y型接头疲劳评估筛分准则，并应用本文上述研究成果和结论，进行了双体和三体罐Y型接头疲劳评估和筛分准则的应用与验证。     

Assessment of fatigue strength of steel butt-welded joints in as-welded condition – Alternative approaches for curve fitting and mean stress effect analysis

Experimental fatigue data for butt-welded joints in as-welded condition and under constant amplitude tensile loading (secondary bending included) were analyzed using the nominal stress system and the notch stress system. Two approaches were used; a standard fitting procedure and minimization of the sum of squared perpendicular distances from a line with a fixed and free slope. In all cases, the latter method gave better agreement between the experimental and predicted fatigue life and fatigue strength. The analyses showed both with all broken specimen data included and with reduced data that the FAT225 curve, as recommended by IIW, might be too optimistic for the notch stress approach in the case of butt-welded joints in as-welded condition. It was also found that use of the local stress ratio instead of the applied stress ratio might explain many issues concerning current observations and apparent inconsistencies in reported literature.     

汕头苏埃隧道方案设计关键技术研究

根据汕头苏埃隧道的建设条件,对工程方案设计中的几个技术难点进行研究,并提出解决方案。通过采用"多级分流"理念,实现隧道与北岸4条城市主干道的交通衔接;选择"抛石+排水板"方案解决海域深厚淤泥地层中的围堰设计;8度高烈度震区选择合理的抗震减震措施解决隧道结构抗震;采取双道密封垫和加大密封垫断面的防水设计,满足地震时管片接缝张开量大的防水要求;针对复杂地层,对盾构选型和配置提出建议;对海底凸起进入隧道内的硬岩进行爆破预处理,以降低盾构施工风险。     

京津客运专线悬浇连续梁桥面平整度控制技术

结合京津客运专线悬臂浇筑连续梁的施工过程,介绍了主梁的整体线形及各节段间的接缝控制和桥面横向六面排水坡等平整度控制内容,对全桥合拢后桥面的平整度缺陷处理方法进行了阐述,对今后悬浇连续梁施工中的桥面平整度控制与处理有一定的借鉴作用。     

铝合金上层建筑与钢主船体的新型焊接过渡接头

在分析现行的用于铝合金上层建筑与钢船体焊接的过渡接头存在问题的基础上,提出了一种新型过渡接头。它在耐热性,传递载荷等方面均优于现行过渡接头。另外,文章对新型过渡接头的爆炸复合工艺及质量控制作也了简要说明。     

高温烟气膨胀节爆裂原因分析与对策

文中从失效波纹管的化学成份、力学性能、显微组织、裂纹与断口及腐蚀产物等方面进行检测,并结合波纹管工作状况对波纹管进行应力计算及检测结果分析,探讨高温烟气膨胀节爆裂失效的原因及防护措施。     

人工关节磨损测量方法综述

人工关节的磨损问题是制约我国人工关节矫形术全面开展的重要因素之一，而磨损的检测和分析技术是评价磨损的手段。随着新技术、新材料等的发展，对人工关节磨损的检测提出新的要求，其中越来越迫切需要精确实现人工关节微量磨损的数字化检测、分析和表征。文章论述了目前国内外主要测量方法，分析了各自的特点和优点，这对于人工关节磨损的测量及其研究具有参考价值。     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.